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| GIS in environmental contamination ： ウィキペディア英語版 |
GIS in environmental contamination
GIS in environmental contamination is the use of GIS software in mapping out the contaminants in soil and water using the spatial interpolation tools from GIS.〔Demers, M. N. (2003). Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.〕〔Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W. (2005). Geographic Information Systems and Science. John Willey & Sons Ltd.〕〔Kocman, D., & Horvat, M. (2011). Non-point source mercury emission from the Idrija Hg-mine region: GIS mercury emission model. Journal of Environmental Management, 1–9.〕 Soil and water contamination by metals and other contaminants have become a major environmental problem after the industrialization across many parts of the world.〔Jasminka, A., & Robert, S. (2011). Distribution of chemical elements in an old metallurgical area, Zenica. Geoderma, 71–85.〕 As a result, environmental agencies are placed in charge in remediating, monitoring, and mitigating the soil contamination sites. GIS is used to monitor the sites for metal contaminants in the soil, and based on the GIS analysis, highest risk sites are identified in which majority of the remediation and monitoring takes place. GIS is used in making spatial interpolations of contaminants in the soil and water. Spatial interpolation allows for more efficient approach to remediation and monitoring of soil and water contaminants.
==GIS in soil contamination==
Soil contamination from heavy elements can be found in the urban environments, which can be attributed to the transportation and industries along with the background levels (minerals-leaching heavy elements from weathering). Also, some of the most soil contaminated areas are around the mines such as the ones in Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in United States (Sulphur Bank Superfund Site, in California).〔Jasminka, A., & Robert, S. (2011). Distribution of chemical elements in an old metallurgical area, Zenica. Geoderma, 71–85.〕〔Nacht, D. M., & al., e. (2004). Atmospheric Mercury Emissions and Speciation at the Sulphur Bank Mercury Mine Superfund Site, Northern California. Environmental Science Technology, 1977–1983.〕〔Kocman, D., & Horvat, M. (2011). Non-point source mercury emission from the Idrija Hg-mine region: GIS mercury emission model. Journal of Environmental Management, 1–9.〕 In a study area, GIS is used for the analysis of spatial relationship of the contaminants within the soil.
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